The concurrent use of drugs and herbal products is becoming increasingly prevalent over the last decade. Several herbal products\nhave been known to modulate cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) which are recognized as representative\ndrug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporter, respectively.Thus, a summary of knowledge on the modulation of CYP and P-gp\nby commonly used herbs can provide robust fundamentals for optimizing CYP and/or P-gp substrate drug-based therapy. Herein,\nwe review ten popular medicinal and/or dietary herbs as perpetrators of CYP- and P-gp-mediated pharmacokinetic herb-drug\ninteractions.The main focus is placed on previous works on the ability of herbal extracts and their phytochemicals to modulate the\nexpression and function of CYP and P-gp in several in vitro and in vivo animal and human systems.
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